1. A BS transmits a signal with transmit power 20 dBm, which is received at a test receiver at reference distance dem from the base station with received power - 48 dBm. Propagation is free-space between the base station and the test receiver. For distances beyond dom, measured data indicates a distance dependent mean power loss law with pathloss exponent 7 = 3.5 and Lognormal shadowing about the mean.

(a) Calculate the reference distance do

(b) Write down a formula for the received power, in dBm, at a distance of d m from the base station, where d > do. Include a term to account for the random, lognormal shadowing, where you can assume a zero mean (on the dB scale) and a standard deviation of o dB

(c) What is the average received power at distance d = 100m from the base station, where the average is of the received powers measured in dBm?

(d) Compute the probability that the received power drops below -80 dBm, at a distance of 100m from the base station, when = 6 dB. You can express your answer in terms of the Q function, without explicitly evaluating it.