5. Getting to know a Cloud Computing Platform, AWS(Amazon Web Services). 

Note: You could use the AWS free tier service up to 12 months. However, some services are only free for 2 months and some services are only free up to certain usage counted per hour. For this problem, you will only be asked to create an AWS account and some users. Please avoid using any service without being fully aware its pricing structure since any extensive usage of some free tier offers could also incur a cost. Please delete your account if you are not going to use it in the future. For information on free tier service please see: free-tier and free-tier-limits. If you plan to continue using AWS in the future, please refer to this page aws-pricing for pricing information. 

(a) Sign up for an AWS account and create an IAM admin user. To answer this question, please submit the following: 

1. A list of AWS free tier quota for Compute, Storage and Machine Learning, respectively. Please refer to https://aws.amazon.com/free/ ?all-free-tier.sort-by=item.additionalFields.SortRank&all-free-tier.sort-order=asc

2. Explain what is the best practice of using the root user

3. Submit a snapshot of logging as an admin user as the following:

To help you answer this question, please follow the following steps: 

1. Sign up for an AWS account 

• Go to https://portal.aws.amazon.com/billing/signup 

• Please choose Personal Account type in the Contact Information Page 

• CHOOSE THE FREE TIER PLAN!!! You will be asked to enter your credit card info to complement the registration, but you won't be charged if you only use the free tier service. 

2. Once you receive an email titled AWS Support (Basic) Sign-Up Confirmation, please log into your AWS account as a root user 3. Follow the instruction on this weblink https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/getting-started_create-admin-group.html to create an IAM admin user. 

Note that on the set user details page, for AWS access type, you only need to check AWS Management Console access. The Programmatic access is for command line control. 

• Note that On the Complete page, you can download a .csv file with login information for the user. The 12 digits in the Console login link is your AWS account ID which you will need to login into AWS as an IAM admin user. Or you could store your Console login link and use this link to login as an IAM admin user.

4. Sign in as IAM admin user 

• Click the Console login link in your downloaded .csv file, you will be brought to the following page. Account ID is the 12 digits mentioned above. IAM user name user name you gave to the admin user in step 3. Then you will be login in as an IAM admin user. 

(b) Below is a flow-chart of how machine learning is implemented on AWS. In general, there are two ways. One is DIY which includes choosing the operating system, computing power, storage size and installing the relevant application softwares(R or Python) all by yourself. The other is through a platform called SageMaker which utilizes Jupyter nodebook integrating with a variety of kernels to choose from(R, Python2/3, Pytorch, Tensorflow,...). 

1. How does AWS name its virtual server? Please give an example of AWS's virtual servers. Please refer to ec2 2.

2. What is the relationship between AWS's virtural server and Amazon Machine Images? Please refer to ami.

3. Which R library does AWS SageMaker use to enable communication between R and its Python SDK? Please refer to this link sagemaker_faqs