2. Direct cooling is a special case of distillation. In this operating mode, a condenser is not required. This can only be used when water is the more volatile species.
In mixtures of water and Material A, water is the more volatile. Consider the following distillation of water and Material A in which direct cooling is used.
The distillate is 91 (mol) percent water, the bottoms is 5 (mol) percent water, and the feed is 39 (mol) percent water. The flow rate of the cooling water into the top of the column is 0.75D. Assume L, V, and 
and are constant.
What is the operating line above the feed?
Perform a component balance on the rectifying section.
Plot the rectifying and stripping lines if the feed is a saturated liquid.
What is the implication of direct cooling?
If the distillate is flowing at 980 kmol/hr, what is the feed flow rate?
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