Research Problem 4: Longitudinal Study of Self-Esteem During Childhood

Use the Research Problem 4 description and provided SPSS output to answer exam questions 23–25 listed below.

QUESTION 23

Using the provided SPSS repeated-measures ANOVA output, what were the results of the repeated-measures ANOVA examining differences in children’s self-esteem across developmental age groups? Indicate whether the test was statistically significant or not, state whether you would reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis, and report the F-ratio results in statistical notation.

QUESTION 24

Using the output of the post hoc pairwise comparisons and the provided line graph figure, interpret if there were any significant mean differences in self-esteem across the different developmental ages. Report the means and standard deviations for each age period in your response.

QUESTION 25

Based on the results of this study, at what age or developmental stage during childhood should parents expect their children to have high self-esteem? At what age or developmental stage during childhood should parents expect their children to have reduced or lower self-esteem?