Question 4:

Using the 2 sets of codes and outputs below answer the following questions succinctly.

a) What are the aims of the 2 sets of codes and the analysis performed in terms of the variables analysed?

b) Write down the steps and what the 2 proc procedures do below with some explanation.

c) What does mahala denote and write down its mathematical formula?

d) Report how many observations are outside the ellipse, and how many observations are smaller and inside the ellipse.

e) What conclusions can you make based on the number of observations inside and outside the ellipse?

f) Explain briefly how the χ22(0.5) =1.39 value in the SAS code relates to distribution in this procedure?

g) What is p for the mathematical formulation used in the code below for the analyses in this question?